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OP-AMP Based DIFFERENTIATOR
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Aim:
 
To design and simulate a Differentiator circuit and observe output with different input waveforms.
 
Components required:
 
Function generator, CRO, Regulated Power supply, resistor, capacitor, 741 IC, connecting wires.
 
Vlab Specifications Taken:
 
Integrator circuit design has been implemented on the virtual breadboard using following specifications:
·         Power Supply: +10v and -10v
·         Function generator: Selected wave with following specifications:
          Frequency = 45Hz, 50Hz, 55Hz, 60Hz, 100Hz.
          Amplitude: 1,2,3V
          Duty cycle = 50%
·         Capacitor C: 1000nF
·         Resistor R1: 10.38K
 
Theory:
 
 
The basic Differentiator Amplifier circuit is the exact opposite to that of the Integrator operational amplifier circuit that we saw in the previous experiment. Here, the position of the capacitor and resistor have been reversed and now the Capacitor, C is connected to the input terminal of the inverting amplifier while the Resistor, R1 forms the negative feedback element across the operational amplifier. This circuit performs the mathematical operation of Differentiation that is it produces a voltage output which is proportional to the input voltage's rate-of-change and the current flowing through the capacitor. Or in other words the output voltage is a scaled version of the derivative of the input voltage. The capacitor blocks any DC content only allowing AC type signals to pass through and whose frequency is dependent on the rate of change of the input signal. At low frequencies the reactance of the capacitor is "High" resulting in a low gain (R1/Xc) and low output voltage from the op-amp.
 
 
The differentiator Circuit 

 
Procedure:
 
 
1.     Connect the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram.
2.     Give the input signal as specified.
3.     Switch on the power supply.
4.     Note down the outputs from the CRO
5.     Draw the necessary waveforms on the graph sheet.

 
Observations:
 
 
1.     Observe the output waveform from CRO.
2.     Measure the frequency and the voltage of the output waveform in the CRO.
3.     Check
 
 
Frequency of the output waveform will remain same and the output voltage can be calculated using above equation and compared with the observed value.
4.     Observe outputs of the differentiator circuit using different input waveforms.

 
VLab observations obtained :


For example, a case has been taken and the required parameters values is being noted down below:
1.     Input Voltage: 3.13V
2.     Frequency: 45Hz
3.     Output Voltage: 4.31VV
4.     Phase Difference: 97
 

 
Calculations:
 
 
  • If input Vin = 3.13 sin (2*45*t)
Output of the integrator will be equal to
 
 
 
Hence theoretically, output voltage should be 8.93V and phase difference between input outputs should be 90�.
Experimentally phase difference observed is about 97� and output voltage 9.0V. 
 
Result:
 
 
The differentiator circuit design output waveforms have been studied. 
 
Precautions:
 
1.     Connections should be verified before clicking run button.
2.     The resistance to be chosen should be in Kohm range.
3.     Best performance is being obtained within 50Hz to 1Mhz.
 
 

 
 

 

Cite this Simulator:

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