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Study Of LED and Detector Characteristics
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Light emitting diodes, commonly called LEDs, are real unsung heroes in the electronics world. They do dozens of different jobs and are found in all kinds of devices. Among other things, they form numbers on digital controls, transmit information from remote controls light up watches and tell you when your appliances are turned on. Basically, LEDs are just tiny light bulbs that fit easily into an electrical circuit. But unlike ordinary incandescent bulbs, they don't have a filament that will burn out, and they don't get especially hot. They are illuminated solely by the movement of electrons in a semiconductor material and they last just as long as a standard transistor. A light-emitting diode (LED) is a two-lead semiconductor light source that resembles a basic pn-junction diode, except that an LED also emits light.When an LED's anode lead has a voltage that is more positive than its cathode lead by at least the LED's forward voltage drop, current flows. Electrons are able to recombine with holes within the device, releasing energy in the form of photons. This effect is called electroluminescence, and the color of the light (corresponding to the energy of the photon) is determined by the energy band gap of the semiconductor. An LED is often small in area (less than 1 mm2 ) to shape its radiation pattern.Appearing as practical electronic components in 1962,intensity infrared light. Infrared LEDs are still frequently used as transmitting elements in remote-control circuits, such as those in remote controls for a wide variety of consumer electronics. The first visible-light LEDs were also of low intensity, and limited to red.

 

 

The photodetector senses the luminescent power falling upon it and converts the variation of this optical power into a correspondingly varying electric current. Since the optical signal is generally detector must meet very high performance requirements. Of the semiconductor based photodetectors the photodiode is used almost exclusively for fiber optic systems because of its small size, suitable material, high sensitivity, and fast response time. The two types of photodiodes used are the pin photodetector and the avalanche photodiode. Light Dependent Resistor(LDR) is also a type of photodetector.

The LDR is known by many names including the photoresistor, photo resistor, photoconductor, photoconductive cell, or simply the photocell. The main purpose of a light dependent resistor is to change the brightness of a light in different weather conditions. This can easily be explained with the use of a watch. Some watches start to glow in the dark so that it is possible to see the time without having to press any buttons. It is the light dependent resistor that allows the watch to know when it has gotten dark, and change the emissions level of the light at that time. Traffic lights use this principle as well but their lights have to be brighter in the day time.


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