 | Necropsy The post-mortem examination of an animal is called a necropsy (nec = dead, opsy = to view). Necropsies can provide important information about the cause of death and this information can be used in a wide variety of ways. |
| Circulatory System The circulatory system transports oxygen and nutrients to metabolizing body tissues and removes carbon dioxide and other metabolic wastes for removal from the body. |
| Skin & Muscles The skin consists of three main components namely, (1) the epidermis, a superficial lining of epithelial cells covering the body surface; (2) the dermis, a richly vascularised connective tissue situated beneath the epidermis; and (3) the cutaneous adnexa |
| Immune System The immune system functions to protect animals from invading pathogenic microorganisms and cancer. It is able to generate an enormous variety of cells and molecules capable of specifically recognizing and eliminating an apparently limitless variety of for |
| Respiratory System The respiratory system is morphologically complex and consists of the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and lungs. Its functions include air conduction, gas exchange, olfaction (reception of odor) and phonation (production of so |
| Digestive System The digestive system is composed of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus and associated glands liver and pancreas. The digestive system obtains and processes food for the all of the cells in an organism. |
| Urinogenital System The urinary system of rat consists of the a pair of kidneys and ureters, an urinary bladder and an urethra. The principal function of the urinary system is the maintenance of water and electrolyte homeostasis. |
| Endocrine System All vertebrates (animals with backbones) have a well-developed and highly organized endocrine system. The system consists of the following glands: the pituitary, the pineal, the thyroid, the thymus, the pancreas, a pair of adrenals (each adrenal actually |
| Nervous System The central nervous system consists of a brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system consists of 12 pairs of cranial nerves and the 31 pairs of spinal nerves. The autonomic nervous system consists sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves. Most of t |
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