Aim
 

 

To plot the characteristics of thermistor and hence find the temperature coefficient of resistance.

 

Components

 

Thermistor,rheostat,voltmeter,multimeter,oil bath arrangement.

 

Theory

 

A thermistor is a type of resistor whose resistance strongly depends on temperature. The word thermistor is a combination of words “thermal” and “resistor”. A thermistor is a temperature-sensing element composed of sintered semiconductor material and sometimes mixture of metallic oxides such as Mn, Ni, Co, Cu and Fe, which exhibits a large change in resistance proportional to a small change in temperature. Pure metals have positive temperature coefficient of resistance, alloys have nearly equal zero temperature coefficient of resistance and semi conductors have negative temperature coefficient of resistance.

 

Thermistors can be classified into two types:

•  Positive temperature coefficient (PTC) thermistor:-resistance increase with increase in temperature.
•  Negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor:-resistance decrease with increase in temperature.

 

The thermistor exhibits a highly non-linear characteristic of resistance vs. temperature.

 

 

 

PTC thermistors can be used as heating elements in small temperature controlled ovens. NTC thermistors can be used as inrush current limiting devices in power supply circuits. Inrush current refers to maximum, instantaneous input current drawn by an electrical device when first turned on. Thermistors are available in variety of sizes and shapes; smallest in size are the beads with a diameter of 0.15mm to 1.25mm.

 

There are two fundamental ways to change the temperature of thermistor internally or externally. The temperature of thermistor can be changed externally by changing the temperature of surrounding media and internally by self-heating resulting from a current flowing through the device.

 

The dependence of the resistance on temperature can be approximated by following equation,

                                                              ---------------------------------- (1)

            R is the resistance of thermistor at the temperature T (in K)

            R₀ is the resistance at given temperature T₀ (in K)

            β is the material specific-constant

 

The material specific-constant of a NTC thermistor is a measure of its resistance at one temperature compared to its resistance at a different temperature. Its value may be calculated by the formula shown below and is expressed in degrees Kelvin (°K).

 

   Differentiating (1) w.r.t  T, we get

                                                               

                                                         and  is the temp coefficient of resistance.

Taking log of (1) and simplifying we get,

                                                                 ---------------------------------- (2)

                                                    and so      -------------------------------------- (3)

A graph plotted with  in Y axis and  in X axis for NTC and PTC is shown below. The slope of graph gives value of β.